Title case converter for APA, Chicago, AP, and MLA style

APA Style capitalizes major words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns, and every word of four letters or more, such as With and From.

Short minor words stay lowercase. These are the articles a, an, and the, the conjunctions and, as, but, for, if, nor, or, so, and yet, and the prepositions as, at, by, for, in, of, off, on, per, to, up, and via.

The first word of a title or subtitle is always capitalized, and so is the first word after a colon, an em dash, or end punctuation. Both parts of a hyphenated major word are capitalized, as in Self-Report.

The converter matches words against these lists and cannot tell how a word is used. A short word used as a verb or adverb, such as up in Set Up, stays lowercase. The text is lowercased first, so names and acronyms such as iPhone or NASA need a manual fix.

APA sentence case capitalizes the first word of each line and sentence, the first word after a colon or em dash, and the pronoun I. APA uses sentence case for article and book titles in a reference list. It also capitalizes proper nouns, which the converter cannot spot, so check those by hand.

Web and email addresses, such as https://example.com/AbC and mailto:name, are kept exactly as typed in every style, including capital letters and a colon inside them.

Chicago style capitalizes the first and last words of a title and subtitle and all major words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and conjunctions such as because, if, yet, and so.

It lowercases the articles a, an, and the, the conjunctions and, but, for, or, and nor, the words to and as, and prepositions of any length, such as through, between, and without.

The first word after a colon, question mark, or exclamation point starts a subtitle and is capitalized. Small words inside a hyphenated compound stay lowercase, as in State-of-the-Art.

Chicago capitalizes a preposition used as an adverb or adjective, such as up in Look Up. The converter cannot tell how a word is used, so it lowercases these. Words such as like and past are more often verbs, nouns, or adjectives, so the converter capitalizes them. Check these by hand.

AP style capitalizes the principal words of a title, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns, and every word of four letters or more, such as With and From.

Short minor words stay lowercase. These are the articles a, an, and the, the conjunctions and, as, but, for, if, nor, or, so, and yet, and the prepositions as, at, by, for, in, of, off, on, out, per, to, up, and via.

The first and last words of a title are always capitalized, and so is the first word after a colon, question mark, or exclamation point. Small words inside a hyphenated compound stay lowercase, as in State-of-the-Art.

The converter matches words against these lists and cannot tell how a word is used. A short word used as a verb or adverb, such as up in Set Up in the middle of a title, stays lowercase. Check these by hand. AP news headlines use sentence case instead.

MLA style capitalizes the first and last words of a title and subtitle and all principal words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and subordinating conjunctions such as because and if.

It lowercases the articles a, an, and the, prepositions of any length, such as through and between, the conjunctions and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet, and the to in an infinitive, as in How to Cite Your Sources.

The first word after a colon, question mark, or exclamation point starts a subtitle and is capitalized. Small words inside a hyphenated compound stay lowercase, as in State-of-the-Art.

The converter uses the same preposition list as Chicago style and cannot tell how a word is used. A preposition used as an adverb, such as up in Look Up, stays lowercase in the middle of a title, and as stays lowercase even when it joins two clauses. Check these by hand.